Procedure Text

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved throught a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different precces in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as first,second,, them, , next, finally, etc.

The generic structures of procedure text are :

1. Goal/aim (or title)
2. Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
3. Steps (the actions that must be taken)

Narrative Text

~ The definition of narrative text :

~ Narrative text is a text is used for the purpose of entertaining or a musing, creating stimulating emotions, motivasi, guiding and teaching the readers or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience.

~ Narrative texts such as : fable (mouse deer and crocodile), legend/folk tales (sangkuriang,malin kundang,) fairy tale (Cinderella,snow white, pinochio).

Recount Text

Recount text

~ Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

The generic structures of recount text are :

1. Orientation (it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened).
2. Events (a series of events, ordered in chronological sequerce)
3. Re-Orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident.


The significant lexicogrammatical features :

- Use of simple past tense
- Use of temporal conjuctions (when,after,before,next,later,then)
- Use of personal pronoun (I,we)

Past Tense ~

Untuk menunjukan bahwa suatu perbuatan atau kejadian yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan berakhir pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau.

Rumus = A : S+tobe+(was/were) + …
B : S+verb bentuk II+ …


Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
S+verb II S+did not+ V1 Did+S+Verb I

I+VerbII

They+Verb II

We+verb II

You+verb II

She+verb II

He+verb II

It+verb II

I+did+not+verb 1

We+did+not+verb I

They+did+not+verb I

You+did+not+verb I

She+did+not+verb I

He+did+not+verb I

It+did+not+verb I

Did+I+ Verb I

Did+We+ Verb I

Did+They+ Verb I

Did+you+ Verb I

Did+she+ Verb I

Did+he+ Verb I

Did+it+ Verb I

Expressing sympathy

The definition of sympathy Expression :

~ Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble an in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulnesson other people’s condition.


~ How can we give sympathy expression to someone ?

We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (sms), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper/she who got the trouble is far from us.

~ several expression of sympathy :

• I’d like to express my deepest condolences
• I’m sorry to hear that
• I’m awfully sorry about …
• Oh, how awful !!!!
• Oh, dear !!
• You must be very upset
• Oh, what a shame
• How pity you are !!!
• How terrible/awful for you

Happiness expression :)

~ Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings

~ What would you say to express you happiness?

# I’m happy …

# I’m (very) pleased/ (really) delighted

# I can’t say how pleased/delighted I am about it

# I am so glad to hear that

# Great !!!!

# Terrific !!!

# Fantastic !!!

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Advertisement is information persuade and motive people so that attracted to service ang things that offer.

• Fungtion of advertisement :
• Promotion
• Communication
• Information

We can find the advertisement on newspaper, tabloid, magazine, radio, television, billboard, etc.

• è Kinds of advertisement :
• Family advertisement
• Announcement advertisement
• Invitation advertisement
• Request advertisement
• Offer advertisement
• Sponsor advertisement